![]() In 1972, the Estonian scientist Endel Tulving suggested the distinction between two types of explicit memory, episodic and semantic memory and illustrated the principles of these memory systems in a book entitled 'Organization of memory' (New York, Academic Press, 1972). The explicit memory is also termed as declarative memory as it can be expressed voluntarily, through language and other communication manners. On the contrary, LTM may hold an indefinite amount of information for an indefinite time.īased on cognitive psychology studies, since the late sixties of the last century, researchers proposed to divide LTM into two major two subsets of LTM, e xplicit memory and implicit memory. STM, also referred to as short-term storage or primary or active memory, indicates different systems of memory involved in the retention of pieces of information (memory chunks) for a relatively short time (usually up to 30 seconds). STM is the capacity to store and manipulate information for a short time, while the LTM relates to storing the information for an extended period. That is, memory represents our identity.Īccording to the multistore model of memory (also known as the modal model), proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968, memory consists of three stores: a sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Without memory, it is impossible to perform daily activities or form relationships or learn and progress in our life. Memory is the capability of the brain to encode, store, and retrieve information or data when they are needed.
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